T. S. Eliot (1888-1965)

Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965) was born in St. Louis, Missouri, of an old New England family. He was educated at Harvard and did graduate work in philosophy at the Sorbonne, Harvard, and Merton College, Oxford. He settled in England, where he was for a time a schoolmaster and a bank clerk, and eventually literary editor for the publishing house Faber & Faber, of which he later became a director. He founded and, during the seventeen years of its publication (1922-1939), edited the exclusive and influential literary journal Criterion. In 1927, Eliot became a British citizen and about the same time entered the Anglican Church. [1]

• Poets.org

• The Poetry Foundation

• Nobelprize.org

• His works

William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)

William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) was born in Dublin. His father was a lawyer and a well-known portrait painter. Yeats was educated in London and in Dublin, but he spent his summers in the west of Ireland in the family's summer house at Connaught. The young Yeats was very much part of the fin de siècle in London; at the same time he was active in societies that attempted an Irish literary revival. His first volume of verse appeared in 1887, but in his earlier period his dramatic production outweighed his poetry both in bulk and in import. Together with Lady Gregory he founded the Irish Theatre, which was to become the Abbey Theatre, and served as its chief playwright until the movement was joined by John Synge. His plays usually treat Irish legends; they also reflect his fascination with mysticism and spiritualism. The Countess Cathleen (1892),The Land of Heart's Desire (1894), Cathleen ni Houlihan (1902), The King's Threshold (1904), and Deirdre (1907) are among the best known. [1]

• The Poetry Foundation

• Poets.org

• Nobelprize.org

• Encyclopaedia Britannica

• His works

• The Irish question

Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)

Thomas Hardy, the son of a stonemason, was born in Dorset, England, on June 2, 1840. He trained as an architect and worked in London and Dorset for ten years. Hardy began his writing career as a novelist, publishing Desperate Remedies in 1871, and was soon successful enough to leave the field of architecture for writing. His novels Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891) andJude the Obscure (1895), which are considered literary classics today, received negative reviews upon publication and Hardy was criticized for being too pessimistic and preoccupied with sex. He left fiction writing for poetry, and published eight collections, including Wessex Poems (1898) and Satires of Circumstance (1912).[1]

• The Poetry Foundation

• Poets.org

• The Victorian Web

• Hardy's works

Robert Browning (1812-1889)

Robert Browning was an English poet and playwright born in Camberwell, London in 1812.  He was an intelligent child who was fluent in five languages by the age of fourteen. He was also passionate about poetry and was a talented musician, composing arrangements of several songs as well as writing poetry.

In 1845 he met the far more established poet Elizabeth Barrett, they married secretly a year later and moved to Italy, during which time they both wrote extensively. However, his poems made little impact until 1861, when, after Elizabeth’s death he returned to England.  His subsequent publication The Ring and the Book, published in four volumes was a huge success, cementing his reputation as one of the foremost Victorian poets, alongside his wife.  He died at his and Elizabeth’s son’s home in Venice, Italy in 1889.[1]

• The Victorian Web

• Poets.org

• The Poetry Foundation

• His works

Introduction to the Victorian Period

In this post you can find some additional information to what we discussed in class.

For more information on the Victorian Period, access The Victorian Web.

• The Poor Law

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/shp/britishsociety/thepoorrev1.shtml

• Thomas Falkner

About him

To read his diary, click here.

• Leopoldo Brizuela

An interview

Synopsis: Inglaterra, una fábula

• Macauly Act

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/macaulay/txt_minute_education_1835.html

• "Lie back and think of England"

http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/close-your-eyes-and-think-of-england.html

• Realism

http://www.online-literature.com/periods/realism.php

• Symbolism

http://www.theartstory.org/movement-symbolism.htm

Lord Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)

Alfred, Lord Tennyson was Queen Victoria's poet laureate. His lasting works include "Ulysses," "The Lady of Shalott," and Idylls of the King. [1]

• Poets.org

• The Poetry Foundation

• The Victorian Web

• His works

Discussion on the novel (genre), Frankenstein and Wuthering Heights

• The novel

http://literatureiilv.blogspot.com.ar/2014/06/the-novel.html

• Framing

FRAME NARRATIVE: The result of inserting one or more small stories within the body of a larger story that encompasses the smaller ones. Often this term is used interchangeably with both the literary technique and the larger story itself that contains the smaller ones, which are called pericopes, "framed narratives" or "embedded narratives." The most famous example is Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, in which the overarching frame narrative is the story of a band of pilgrims traveling to the shrine of Thomas a Becket in Canterbury. The band passes the time in a storytelling contest. The framed narratives are the individual stories told by the pilgrims who participate. Another example is Boccaccio's Decameron, in which the frame narrative consists of a group of Italian noblemen and women fleeing the plague, and the framed narratives consist of the tales they tell each other to pass the time while they await the disease's passing. The 1001 Arabian Nights is probably the most famous Middle Eastern frame narrative. Here, in Bagdad, Scheherazade must delay her execution by beguiling her Caliph with a series of cliffhangers. FRAME STORY: See frame narrative. FRAMING METHOD: Using the same features, wording, setting, situation, or topic at both the beginning and end of a literary work so as to "frame" it or "enclose it." This technique often provides a sense of cyclical completeness or closure.

Source: https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_F.html

• Distancing effect (Brecht)

Alienation effect, also called a-effect or distancing effect, German Verfremdungseffekt or V-effekt, idea central to the dramatic theory of the German dramatist-director Bertolt Brecht. It involves the use of techniques designed to distance the audience from emotional involvement in the play through jolting reminders of the artificiality of the theatrical performance.

Source: http://www.britannica.com/art/alienation-effect

• Galvanism

In medicine, galvanism refers to any form of medical treatment involving the application of pulses of electric current to body tissues provoking the contraction muscles that are stimulated by the electric current. This effect was named by Alessandro Volta after his contemporary, the scientist Luigi Galvani, who investigated the effect of electricity on dissected animals in the 1780's and 1790's. Galvani himself referred to the phenomenon as animal electricity, believing that he had discovered a distinct form of electricity.

Source: http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/Definitions/galvanism.htm

• Cyborgs

The Cyborg Foundation

• Paradise Lost by John Milton

Paradise Lost: Study Guide

• Primitivism // Civilization/Barbarity

"The White Man's Burden" by Rudyard Kipling

Sobre Jeremy Button

El último confín de la tierra, Esteban Lucas Bridges