viernes, 30 de octubre de 2015

T. S. Eliot (1888-1965)



Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965) was born in St. Louis, Missouri, of an old New England family. He was educated at Harvard and did graduate work in philosophy at the Sorbonne, Harvard, and Merton College, Oxford. He settled in England, where he was for a time a schoolmaster and a bank clerk, and eventually literary editor for the publishing house Faber & Faber, of which he later became a director. He founded and, during the seventeen years of its publication (1922-1939), edited the exclusive and influential literary journal Criterion. In 1927, Eliot became a British citizen and about the same time entered the Anglican Church. [1]

sábado, 10 de octubre de 2015

William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)



William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) was born in Dublin. His father was a lawyer and a well-known portrait painter. Yeats was educated in London and in Dublin, but he spent his summers in the west of Ireland in the family's summer house at Connaught. The young Yeats was very much part of the fin de siècle in London; at the same time he was active in societies that attempted an Irish literary revival. His first volume of verse appeared in 1887, but in his earlier period his dramatic production outweighed his poetry both in bulk and in import. Together with Lady Gregory he founded the Irish Theatre, which was to become the Abbey Theatre, and served as its chief playwright until the movement was joined by John Synge. His plays usually treat Irish legends; they also reflect his fascination with mysticism and spiritualism. The Countess Cathleen (1892),The Land of Heart's Desire (1894), Cathleen ni Houlihan (1902), The King's Threshold (1904), and Deirdre (1907) are among the best known. [1]


Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)

Thomas Hardy, the son of a stonemason, was born in Dorset, England, on June 2, 1840. He trained as an architect and worked in London and Dorset for ten years. Hardy began his writing career as a novelist, publishing Desperate Remedies in 1871, and was soon successful enough to leave the field of architecture for writing. His novels Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891) andJude the Obscure (1895), which are considered literary classics today, received negative reviews upon publication and Hardy was criticized for being too pessimistic and preoccupied with sex. He left fiction writing for poetry, and published eight collections, including Wessex Poems (1898) and Satires of Circumstance (1912).[1]



domingo, 6 de septiembre de 2015

Robert Browning (1812-1889)

Robert Browning was an English poet and playwright born in Camberwell, London in 1812.  He was an intelligent child who was fluent in five languages by the age of fourteen. He was also passionate about poetry and was a talented musician, composing arrangements of several songs as well as writing poetry.
In 1845 he met the far more established poet Elizabeth Barrett, they married secretly a year later and moved to Italy, during which time they both wrote extensively. However, his poems made little impact until 1861, when, after Elizabeth’s death he returned to England.  His subsequent publication The Ring and the Book, published in four volumes was a huge success, cementing his reputation as one of the foremost Victorian poets, alongside his wife.  He died at his and Elizabeth’s son’s home in Venice, Italy in 1889.[1]

Introduction to the Victorian Period

In this post you can find some additional information to what we discussed in class.

For more information on the Victorian Period, access The Victorian Web.

  • The Poor Law


  • Thomas Falkner

To read his diary, click here.


  • Leopoldo Brizuela

Synopsis: Inglaterra, una fábula












lunes, 31 de agosto de 2015

Lord Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)

Alfred, Lord Tennyson was Queen Victoria's poet laureate. His lasting works include "Ulysses," "The Lady of Shalott," and Idylls of the King. [1]


domingo, 23 de agosto de 2015

Discussion on the novel (genre), Frankenstein and Wuthering Heights


  • The novel

  • Framing

FRAME NARRATIVE: The result of inserting one or more small stories within the body of a larger story that encompasses the smaller ones. Often this term is used interchangeably with both the literary technique and the larger story itself that contains the smaller ones, which are called pericopes, "framed narratives" or "embedded narratives." The most famous example is Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, in which the overarching frame narrative is the story of a band of pilgrims traveling to the shrine of Thomas a Becket in Canterbury. The band passes the time in a storytelling contest. The framed narratives are the individual stories told by the pilgrims who participate. Another example is Boccaccio's Decameron, in which the frame narrative consists of a group of Italian noblemen and women fleeing the plague, and the framed narratives consist of the tales they tell each other to pass the time while they await the disease's passing. The 1001 Arabian Nights is probably the most famous Middle Eastern frame narrative. Here, in Bagdad, Scheherazade must delay her execution by beguiling her Caliph with a series of cliffhangers.
FRAME STORY: See frame narrative.
FRAMING METHOD: Using the same features, wording, setting, situation, or topic at both the beginning and end of a literary work so as to "frame" it or "enclose it." This technique often provides a sense of cyclical completeness or closure.



  • Distancing effect (Brecht)
Alienation effect, also called a-effect or distancing effect, German Verfremdungseffekt or V-effektidea central to the dramatic theory of the German dramatist-director Bertolt Brecht. It involves the use of techniques designed to distance the audience from emotional involvement in the play through jolting reminders of the artificiality of the theatrical performance.



  • Galvanism
In medicine, galvanism refers to any form of medical treatment involving the application of pulses of electric current to body tissues provoking the contraction muscles that are stimulated by the electric current. This effect was named by Alessandro Volta after his contemporary, the scientist Luigi Galvani, who investigated the effect of electricity on dissected animals in the 1780's and 1790's. Galvani himself referred to the phenomenon as animal electricity, believing that he had discovered a distinct form of electricity.



Emily Brontë (1818-1848)


Emily Brontë was an English novelist and poet, best remembered for her only novel, Wuthering Heights, now considered a classic of English literature. Emily was the third eldest of the four surviving Brontë siblings, between the youngest Anne and her brother Branwell. She published under the pen name Ellis Bell. [1]


The Creation of the Monster

1. Edison's Frankenstein




2. James Whale's Frankenstein







3. The Rocky Horror Picture Show


 
4. Igor





Other interesting things to watch

Bride of Frankenstein



Young Frankenstein




Mary Shelley's Frankenstein



Frankenweenie




Penny Dreadful



Frankenstein, M. D.

Mary Shelley (1797-1851)


Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, later known as Mary Shelley, was born in Somers Town, London, England, on the 30th of August 1797. She was the daughter of William Godwin, a journalist, philosopher and novelist, and Mary Wollstonecraft, educator and feminist philosopher.
Mary Shelley's most famous novel, Frankenstein: or The Modern Prometheus, was released anonymously when she was only 21 years old. Only from its second edition, five years later, was her name to appear as the author. The central idea came to Shelly in a dream where she saw a student putting together parts of a man's body and working through a big engine to animate it. She first wrote a short story but Percy encouraged her to expand it into a novel. The novel had at the center of its plot a failed attempt at artificial life, by the scientist Frankenstein, which produced a monster. The work is considered to be a mixture of science fiction, gothic novel, and having elements from the Romantic movement.
During the last 20 years of her life, Mary Shelley was very busy editing and writing. She contributed frequently to ladies' magazines and after her father's death she planned to write his memoirs but ended up giving up on it. From 1939 Shelley's health started to decline, preventing her from work and she died most likely of a brain tumor on the 1st of February 1851. [1]


John Keats (1795-1821)

John Keats' Facebook

An Ode to Keats Tumblr


lunes, 29 de junio de 2015

Percy Shelley (1792-1822)

Ozymandias

BY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY
I met a traveller from an antique land,
Who said—“Two vast and trunkless legs of stone
Stand in the desert. . . . Near them, on the sand,
Half sunk a shattered visage lies, whose frown,
And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command,
Tell that its sculptor well those passions read
Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,
The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed;
And on the pedestal, these words appear:
My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair!
Nothing beside remains. Round the decay
Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare
The lone and level sands stretch far away.”

Source: http://www.poetryfoundation.org/learning/guide/238972#poem

To hear the poem, click here.

To read Prometheus Unbound, click here.










martes, 16 de junio de 2015

More on "Kubla Khan" and "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"

"Kubla Khan" by Samuel T. Coleridge





  • To read the lyrics of Rush's song based on "Kubla Khan", click here.
  • To read the ballad "The Demon Lover", click here.
  • To read the story "The Demon Lover" by Elizabeth Bowen, click here.




  • To read the novel Doña Flor y sus dos maridos by Jorge Amado, click here.


  • To read about the Pombero, click here.


  • To read about the Peixe Boto, click here.


"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" by Samuel T. Coleridge







martes, 2 de junio de 2015

On Wordsworth, Coleridge, "Kubla Khan" and "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"


  • The Lyrical Ballads
Click here to download the book.
Click here to read the preface to the second edition.

  • Biographia Literaria
Click here to download the book.

  • Automatic poetry
Click here, here and here to read more about automatic poetry,
Click here to access an automatic poetry generator.

  • "Kubla Khan"
Click here to read the preface to the poem.
Click here to read the ballad "The Demon Lover".
Click here to read Elizabeth Bowen's story "The Demon Lover".
Click here to download The Travels of Marco Polo.
Click here to read Purchas Pilgrimage.

  • "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"
Click here to see the illustration on the poem by Gustave Doré.
Click here for more on Gustave Doré.

martes, 26 de mayo de 2015

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)



Samuel Taylor Coleridge, (born October 21, 1772, Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, England—died July 25, 1834, Highgate, near London), English lyrical poet, critic, and philosopher. His Lyrical Ballads, written with William Wordsworth, heralded the English Romantic movement, and his Biographia Literaria (1817) is the most significant work of general literary criticism produced in the English Romantic period.1


"Why Dorothy Wordsworth is not as Famous as her Brother" by Lynn Peters



WHY DOROTHY WORDSWORTH IS NOT AS FAMOUS AS HER BROTHER

"I wandered lonely as a...
They're in the top drawer, William,
Under your socks -
I wandered lonely as a -
No not that drawer, the top one.
I wandered by myself -
Well wear the ones you can find.
No, don't get overwrought my dear, I'm coming.
  
"I wandered lonely as a -
Lonely as a cloud when -
Soft-boiled egg, yes my dear,
As usual, three minutes -
As a cloud which floats -
Look, I said I'll cook it,
Just hold on will you -
All right, I'm coming.

"One day I was out for a walk
When I saw this flock -
It can't be too hard, it had three minutes.
Well put some butter in it. -
This host of golden daffodils
As I was out for a stroll one -
"Oh you fancy a stroll, do you?
Yes all right, William, I'm coming.
It's on the peg. Under your hat.
I'll bring my pad, shall I, in case
You want to jot something down?"





Blake


"Newton" by William Blake




"Newton" (after William Blake) by Eduardo Paolozzi
British Library in London


In every cry of every Man,
In every Infants cry of fear,
In every voice: in every ban,
The mind-forg'd manacles I hear 
"London" by William Blake

martes, 19 de mayo de 2015

William Wordsworth (1770-1850)



Born in England in 1770, poet William Wordsworth worked with Samuel Taylor Coleridge on Lyrical Ballads (1798). The collection, which contained Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey," introduced Romanticism to English poetry. Wordsworth also showed his affinity for nature with the famous poem "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud." He became England's poet laureate in 1843, a role he held until his death in 1850. 1


martes, 12 de mayo de 2015

William Blake (1757-1827)



William Blake was born at Broad Street, Soho, in 1757, the third son (and second surviving) of James Blake, haberdasher and hosier, and his wife Catherine.

As a boy he attended Henry Pars’ drawing school near the Strand, and was later apprenticed to the engraver James Basire, for whom, among other projects, Blake made drawings and engravings of the monuments of Westminster Abbey.

He continued to work as an engraver throughout his life alongside his prophetic books and paintings. 

Blake married Catherine Boucher in 1782. Blake lived almost all his life in London, apart from three years’ slumber by the sea at Felpham in Sussex in the years 1800-1803. He died in 1827, and is buried at Bunhill Fields.1


Neo-classicism & Romanticism

  • "The Rape of the Lock" by Alexander Pope (Neo-classicism)

Canto I
Canto II
Canto III
Canto IV
Canto V

For more on Alexander Pope, click here.


  • "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" by Thomas Grey (Transitional: Gothic elements)
To read the poem, click here.

For more on Thomas Grey, click here.



  • "Ode to a Grecian Urn" by John Keats (Romantic with Neo-classicist elements)

To read the poem, click here.

For more on John Keats, click here.


  • "A Red, Red Rose" by Robert Burns (Romanticism)
To read the poem, click here.

For more on Robert Burns, click here.

jueves, 7 de mayo de 2015

Patience Agbabi (1965-)



Patience Agbabi is one Britain’s most prominent spoken word poets and a tireless ambassador for spoken word poetry. She is also the author of three poetry collections. Her work uses the rhythms and sounds of “rap, jive and disco” to explore the variegations of modern culture, as well as giving voice to those who might be otherwise unheard. More unusually in the spoken word scene, she draws just as heavily on the forms, structures and canon of traditional English poetry. Writing as a black, female poet, born to Nigerian parents and educated at Oxford, identifying as a bi-cultural and bisexual radical feminist, her poetry is saturated with gender, sexual, racial, cultural, and linguistic identity issues.1




Watch Patience Agbabi read "Seeing Red".




Simon Armitage (1963-)


Poet and novelist Simon Armitage was born in 1963 in Huddersfield, England.

Simon Armitage is undoubtedly the most popular and widely known poet of his 1960s-born generation: his work having been regularly anthologised and broadcast on radio and television, his readings and festival appearances always well-attended.1



Kamala Das (1934-2009)



Kamala Surayya / Suraiyya formerly known as Kamala Das , (also known as Kamala Madhavikutty, pen name was Madhavikutty) was a major Indian English poet and littérateur and at the same time a leading Malayalam author from Kerala, India. Her popularity in Kerala is based chiefly on her short stories and autobiography, while her oeuvre in English, written under the name Kamala Das, is noted for the fiery poems and explicit autobiography.

Her open and honest treatment of female sexuality, free from any sense of guilt, infused her writing with power, but also marked her as an iconoclast in her generation. On 31 May 2009, aged 75, she died at a hospital in Pune, but has earned considerable respect in recent years.1





Hypertextuality

Trans/Hypertextuality

Gerard Genette - Palimpsestos

Julia Kristeva - The Kristeva Reader

Harold Bloom - The Anxiety of Influence

You can access last year's post on the same subject here.

"Dulce et Decorum Est" by Wilfred Owen

Dulce et Decorum Est
Wilfred Owen

Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,
Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,
Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs,
And towards our distant rest began to trudge.
Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots,
But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind;
Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots
Of gas-shells dropping softly behind.

Gas! GAS! Quick, boys!—An ecstasy of fumbling
Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time,
But someone still was yelling out and stumbling
And flound’ring like a man in fire or lime.—
Dim through the misty panes and thick green light,
As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.

In all my dreams before my helpless sight,
He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.

If in some smothering dreams, you too could pace
Behind the wagon that we flung him in,
And watch the white eyes writhing in his face,
His hanging face, like a devil’s sick of sin;
If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood
Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,
Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud
Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,—
My friend, you would not tell with such high zest
To children ardent for some desperate glory,
The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est

Pro patria mori.








martes, 21 de abril de 2015

"What Stephen Lawrence Has Taught Us" by Benjamin Zephaniah

What Stephen Lawrence Has Taught Us
Benjamin Zephaniah

We know who the killers are,
We have watched them strut before us
As proud as sick Mussolinis’,
We have watched them strut before us
Compassionless and arrogant,
They paraded before us,
Like angels of death
Protected by the law.




It is now an open secret
Black people do not have
Chips on their shoulders,
They just have injustice on their backs
And justice on their minds,
And now we know that the road to liberty
Is as long as the road from slavery.



The death of Stephen Lawrence
Has taught us to love each other
And never to take the tedious task
Of waiting for a bus for granted.
Watching his parents watching the cover-up
Begs the question
What are the trading standards here?
Why are we paying for a police force
That will not work for us?
The death of Stephen Lawrence
Has taught us
That we cannot let the illusion of freedom
Endow us with a false sense of security as we walk the streets,
The whole world can now watch
The academics and the super cops
Struggling to define institutionalised racism
As we continue to die in custody
As we continue emptying our pockets on the pavements,
And we continue to ask ourselves
Why is it so official
That black people are so often killed
Without killers?
We are not talking about war or revenge
We are not talking about hypothetics or possibilities,
We are talking about where we are now
We are talking about how we live now
In dis state
Under dis flag, (God Save the Queen),
And God save all those black children who want to grow up
And God save all the brothers and sisters
Who like raving,
Because the death of Stephen Lawrence
Has taught us that racism is easy when
You have friends in high places.
And friends in high places
Have no use whatsoever
When they are not your friends.
Dear Mr Condon,
Pop out of Teletubby land,
And visit reality,
Come to an honest place
And get some advice from your neighbours,
Be enlightened by our community,
Neglect your well-paid ignorance
Because
We know who the killers are.













To read about the case, click here.

To read "The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry", click here.